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< Vol. 40 Issue 1 | Jan 2017 | pp. 1 - 42

The role of ionized calcium and magnesium in regional citrate anticoagulation and its impact on inflammatory parameters

Abstract

Introduction

Regional anticoagulation with citrate has been found to be superior to heparin in terms of biocompatibility, and numerous protocols for regional citrate anticoagulation have been published, while a consensus on the target concentration of ionized calcium (Ca2+) in the extracorporeal circuit has not been reached so far.

 Methods

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of different citrate concentrations on coagulation as well as on complement activation and cytokine secretion and to investigate the impact of ionized magnesium (Mg2+) on these parameters.

 Results

We found that citrate effectively reduced coagulation, complement activation, and cytokine secretion in a dose-dependent manner and that a target Ca2+ concentration of 0.2-0.25 mM was required for efficient anticoagulation. Mg2+ triggered complement activation as well as interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood in a dose-dependent manner and independently of Ca2+. Additionally, it was found to reduce activated clotting time (ACT) in samples with low Ca2+ levels, but not at physiological Ca2+.

 Conclusions

Taken together, our data support the notion that regional citrate anticoagulation results in decreased release of inflammatory mediators in the extracorporeal circuit, requiring the depletion of both, Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Int J Artif Organs 2017; 40(1): 15 - 21

Article Type: ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

DOI:10.5301/ijao.5000558

Authors

Karin Strobl, Stephan Harm, Viktoria Weber, Jens Hartmann

Article History

  • • Accepted on 27/01/2017
  • • Available online on 13/02/2017
  • • Published in print on 06/03/2017

Disclosures

Financial support: This study was supported by the Federal Government of Lower Austria (WST3-T-91/036-2014) with co-funding by the European Commission.
Conflict of interest: None of the authors has financial interest related to this study to disclose.

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Authors

  • Strobl, Karin [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1, * Corresponding Author ([email protected])
  • Harm, Stephan [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1
  • Weber, Viktoria [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1, 2
  • Hartmann, Jens [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1

Affiliations

  •  Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Krems - Austria
  •  Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Krems - Austria

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