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< Vol. 39 Issue 9 | Sep 2016 | pp. 451 - 496

Physical capacity in LVAD patients: hemodynamic principles, diagnostic tools and training control

Physical capacity in LVAD patients: hemodynamic principles, diagnostic tools and training control

Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39(9): 451 - 459

Article Type: REVIEW

DOI:10.5301/ijao.5000529

Authors

Nils Reiss, Thomas Schmidt, Anke Workowski, Detlev Willemsen, Jan D. Schmitto, Axel Haverich, Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens

Abstract

Over time left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have become an alternative to heart transplantation because of enormous technical development and miniaturization. Most patients present a significant improvement in clinical conditions and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, exercise tolerance remains markedly limited even after LVAD implantation compared to a control group. The complex physiological and hemodynamic changes in LVAD patients, both at rest and during exercise, are not yet understood, or at least not completely.

It is the aim of the present paper to describe the current state of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, the spectrum of diagnostic tools, including the noninvasive inert gas rebreathing method for measurement of cardiac output and associate parameters, are discussed. Options for training control in this special patient group are presented.

Article History

  • • Accepted on 24/10/2016
  • • Available online on 09/11/2016
  • • Published in print on 11/11/2016

Disclosures

Financial support: No grants or funding have been received for this study.
Conflict of interest: None of the authors has financial interest related to this study to disclose.

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Authors

  • Reiss, Nils [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1, * Corresponding Author ([email protected])
  • Schmidt, Thomas [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1
  • Workowski, Anke [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1, 2
  • Willemsen, Detlev [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 1
  • Schmitto, Jan D. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3
  • Haverich, Axel [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3
  • Bjarnason-Wehrens, Birna [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2

Affiliations

  • Cardiac Rehabilitation, Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde - Germany
  • Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne - Germany
  • Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany

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